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A short, respectful introduction. Practices vary between houses and lineages.
Umbanda is a Brazilian religion that took shape in the early 20th century, especially in Rio de Janeiro. Its founding is traditionally associated with Zélio Fernandino de Moraes and the Caboclo das Sete Encruzilhadas in 1908. It blends African traditions, Indigenous Brazilian spirituality, Catholicism and Kardecist Spiritism.
Umbanda centers on charity, spiritual evolution and communication with spirits. Followers believe in a supreme God (often called Olorum or Zambi), in the orixás as divine forces of nature, and in guiding spirits that work through mediums.
Orixás commonly honored include Oxalá, Iemanjá, Oxum, Xangô, Ogum, Oxóssi and Iansã. Spirit guides work in lines such as Caboclos (Indigenous spirits), Pretos Velhos (elder enslaved Africans), Crianças (child spirits), Baianos, Boiadeiros and Marinheiros. Exus and Pombagiras act as guardians.
Ceremonies (giras) are held in a terreiro or centro, with singing (pontos), drumming or clapping, and mediums incorporating guides who give counsel and blessings (passes). Offerings, candles, herbs and baths for cleansing are common.
Umbanda is not devil worship and is not about harming others; its central value is charity. Its practices vary widely from house to house, as there is no single central authority.